A Safety Data Sheet (SDS) exists to tell you how to protect yourself from chemical product hazards, how to handle the product safely, and what to do in an emergency. The author of an SDS only considers the intended use of the product. They use a GHS-format, product test results and information from health and safety resources and regulatory bodies like NIOSH, NFPA, and ACGIH to provide a recommendation on chemical exposure and appropriate workplace controls.
PPE stands for Personal Protective Equipment. It refers to protective clothing, helmets, goggles, gloves, or other garments or equipment designed to protect the wearer's body from injury or infection. PPE is commonly used in workplaces where hazards are present, such as construction sites, laboratories, or medical settings.
There are two sections on the SDS that address personal protective equipment (PPE) required to reduce chemical exposure:
The information on an SDS is just a starting point for choosing safety equipment in the workplace; you also need to consider the work task when choosing PPE. If you are a safety professional or a supervisor, you need to identify the correct personal protective equipment for the job. This process may need to include consulting an occupational hygienist, product and equipment suppliers, or a safety committee.
Health and safety legislation requires employers to perform risk assessments to identify hazards before an employee is assigned a task and to train employees on the proper use of PPE and how to read an SDS.
There may be other necessary controls as part of worker protection, including engineering controls like fume hoods, first aid equipment like eyewash stations, spill kits and fire extinguishing material.
The PPE listed on the SDS is a general recommendation. Sometimes it does not recommend specific PPE, like glove type or respirator cartridge. When using an SDS for PPE you need to consider how the product is being used at your workplace. This determination is part of a chemical hazard assessment.
Selecting the appropriate PPE for a task depends on how the product is being used, the quantity being used and the frequency of use, etc. These variables affect the risk of worker exposure. As the risk goes up your controls will need to increase.
The risk may increase if the chemical product is sprayed or produces aerosol droplets. If a product is heated or produces harmful vapours or fumes the risk of exposure will increase.
The more hazards listed for a product, as indicated by GHS pictograms, the risk of exposure to a hazardous product increases. As the toxicity of a product increases, the risk also increases.
Substantial amounts of a chemical product used increases the risk. Smaller, contained amounts decreases the risk.
Are workers using the product all day or for 15 minutes or less? There is a significant difference.
Do workers use the chemical product every day, once a month or once a year. Do not forget the once a year for a whole week scenario, it counts too.
Engineering controls reduce the risk of exposure while working with a hazardous product. However, if they are insufficient, not maintained or checked for effectiveness worker protection falls back on PPE.
Confined space work or simultaneous operations, flammable or noisy environments can potentially expose the worker and add another layer of PPE to consider. The need for workers to retain dexterity and movement are common considerations for wet or cold work, medical professions, and construction.
There are many circumstances when the SDS-recommended PPE will differ from what is needed for your workplace. For example, the SDS may list coveralls as a requirement. If you work in the manufacturing industry, regular coveralls may be sufficient for your workplace; but if you work in Oil and Gas, Fire Resistant coveralls are required to step onto a worksite.
Your workplace may also have simultaneous operations where there may be a risk of exposure to other chemical hazards not directly related to the task. For example, possible accidental exposure to a process gas leak. In this case, you will want to add a personal monitor to the PPE requirements to keep workers protected.
If the task involves work in a confined workspace, you will need to increase respiratory protection to supplied air.
These examples should illustrate why it is important to consider the task and workplace, as well as the PPE listed on the SDS. Interpretation of the recommendations based on a hazard assessment for your workplace is a chemical safety best practice.
The PPE provided must meet several criteria to ensure worker safety and compliance. It should be suitable for the specific risks and environment, considering health, ergonomic, and physical factors while effectively controlling hazards without increasing overall risk. Where feasible, a range of PPE options should be offered to accommodate diverse working conditions, ensuring each option provides adequate protection. Training, instruction, and refresher courses should be provided to ensure proper use and maintenance of PPE.
Remember PPE is the last line of defence and has its own limitations, such as:
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